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Piraeus Lion
The Piraeus Lion is one of four lion statues on display at the Venetian Arsenal, where it was displayed as a symbol of Venice's patron saint, Saint Mark.
==History==
It was originally located in Piraeus, the harbour of Athens. It was looted by Venetian naval commander Francesco Morosini in 1687 as plunder taken in the Great Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire, during which the Venetians besieged Athens and Morosini's cannons caused damage to the Parthenon only matched by his subsequent looting.〔Encyclopædia Britannica, Athens, The Acropolis, p.6/20, 2008, O.Ed.〕 Copies of the statue can also be seen at the Piraeus Archaeological Museum and the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm.
The lion was originally sculpted in about 360 BCE,〔Cornelius Vermeule, "Greek Funerary Animals, 450-300 B. C.", ''American Journal of Archaeology'' 76:1:49-59 (January 1972), , p. 53〕 and became a famous landmark in Piraeus, having stood there since the 1st or 2nd century AD. Its prominence was such that the port was given the name Porto Leone ("Lion Port") by the Italians, as the port's original name was no longer in use.〔Goette, Hans Rupprecht (2001), ''(Athens, Attica and the Megarid: An Archaeological Guide )''. Routledge. p. 141. ISBN 0-415-24370-X〕 It is depicted in a sitting pose, with a hollow throat and the mark of a pipe (now lost) running down its back; this suggests that it was originally used as a fountain.〔Ellis, Henry (1833). ''(The British Museum. Elgin and Phigaleian Marbles )''. British Museum. p. 36.〕 This is consistent with the description of the statue from the 1670s, which said that water flowed from the lion's mouth into a cistern at its feet.〔.〕
The statue, which is made of white marble and stands some 3 m (9 ft.) high, is particularly noteworthy for having been defaced some time in the second half of the 11th century by Scandinavians who carved two lengthy runic inscriptions into the shoulders and flanks of the lion.〔Kendrick, Thomas D. (2004). ''(A History of the Vikings )''. Courier Dover Publications. p. 176. ISBN 0-486-43396-X〕 The runes are carved in the shape of an elaborate lindworm dragon-headed scroll, in much the same style as on runestones in Scandinavia.〔"The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) — Dragon" (notes), URL: (BT-Dragon ).〕 The carvers of the runes were almost certainly Varangians, Scandinavian mercenaries in the service of the Byzantine Emperor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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